Competitive World

Tag: MPPSC 2021

  • Global Trade Supply Chain (Approaches)

    In this article, we will discuss Global Trade Supply Chain (Various Approaches to Improve Global Trade Supply Chain). So, let’s get started.

    Various Approaches to Improve Global Trade Supply Chain

    • Stimulus Packages in Countries: Global supply chains that have remained dormant for long can be made resilient by stimulus packages and forced savings. Such interventions are expected to help revive manufacturing with lower production costs, induce investments and promote technology transfers.
    • Start Negotiations Under WTO: In a post Covid-19 world, members of the World Trade Organization should promote trade facilitating rules.
    • Mutually beneficial trade arrangements that seek deeper economic integration should be entered into at the bilateral and regional levels to create win-win situations for all stakeholders, including consumers, who tend to benefit from lowered barriers and harmonised standards.
    • Harness Technology: Countries that harness technology are expected to dominate international trade in future with a transformational impact on the global economy.
    • Just as the steam engine in the 19th century and computing power in the 20th century, data will be the main driver of economic growth in the 21st century.
    • Rapid growth in e-commerce and the virtual world will demand entirely new skills from the workforce. Therefore, economic policies should focus on stronger safety nets for workers; income protection, skill training, health care and educational support for families.
    • Focus on Restarting Manufacturing: Building an ecosystem that incentivises value-added manufacturing and technology-induced finished products should form a part of long-term strategy for emerging economies like India.
    • Inclusive Approach: Addressing the needs of the most vulnerable countries – measures, for example in relation to export restrictions and creation of regional stockpiles, could include specific exemptions or assistance to address the needs of the poorest countries.
    • Favourable Business Environment: Keeping markets open and predictable, as well as fostering a more generally favourable business environment, will be critical to spur the renewed investment. And if countries work together, much faster recovery is possible than if each country acts alone.

  • Fundamental Duties

    In this article, we will discuss Fundamental Duties. So, let’s get started.

    List of fundamental duties

    (1) To abide by the constitution and respect its ideals and institution the national flag and the national anthem
    (2) To Cherish and follow the noble ideas that inspired the national struggle for freedom
    (3) To uphold and protect the Sovereignty, unity and integrity of India/nation
    (4) To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so
    (5) To promote Harmony and the spirit of common Brotherhood almonds all the people of nation transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities and to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women
    (6) To value and preserve the rich heritage of the country’s composite culture
    (7) To protect and improve the natural environment including forest, lakes, rivers and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures
    (8) To develop scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of enquiry and reform
    (9) To safeguard public property and to abjure violence
    (10) To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievements 
    (11) To provide opportunities for education to his/her child or ward between the age of 6 and 14 years.

    The fundamental duties are defined as the moral obligations of all citizens to help promote a spirit of patriotism and to uphold the unity of nation citizens are morally obligated by the constitution to perform these duties.

  • Need For Postmodern Approach to Agriculture

    In this article, we will discuss Need For Postmodern Approach to Agriculture. So, let’s get started.

    Need For Postmodern Approach to Agriculture

    • Negative Consequences of Green Revolution: Modern agriculture, based on science-driven technologies and symbolised by the Green Revolution, is now viewed as a double-edged sword.
    • In tripling foodgrain production, nitrogenous fertiliser use went up 10-fold in India, with increasing application of agrochemicals and growing dependence on fossil fuel energy.
    • 18% of greenhouse gas emissions in the country are from agriculture.
    • Plagued by rapidly receding groundwater aquifers and 35% land degradation, our soil organic matter content is among the lowest in Asia.
    • Monocultures of wheat and rice are displacing the diversity of traditional farming systems.
    • Genetic homogeneity has been detrimental to nutrition while enhancing vulnerability to biotic and abiotic stresses.
    • Prospects of Sustainable agriculture (SA): As postmodern agriculture is based on the concept of sustainability of agriculture, it counters monocultural production models.
    • Its essence is embedded in the heralding of the Second Green Revolution or Evergreen Revolution.
    • There are various farming systems today for enhancing agricultural output with less land, water and energy. Their techniques enhance productivity while restoring soil fertility, replenishing water quality, improving biodiversity and maintaining inter-generational equity.
    • The National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture, to achieve SA, is one of the eight missions of the National Action Plan on Climate Change.

  • Importance of Nationalism

    In this article, we will discuss Importance of Nationalism. So, let’s get started.

    Importance of Nationalism

    Nationalism happens because of common factors. The people of a nation share these common factors. These common factors are common language, history, culture, traditions, mentality, and territory. Thus a sense of belonging would certainly come in people. It would inevitably happen whether you like it or not. Therefore, a feeling of Unity and love would happen I will national citizen’s. In this way come on next time is and gives strength to the people of the nation. Nationalism has an inverse relationship with crime. It seems like crime rates are significantly lower in countries with strong nationalism. This happens because nationalism puts feelings of love towards fellow countrymen. Therefore many people avoid committing a crime against their own countrymen similarly, corruption is also low in such countries. Individuals in whose heart is nationalism, avoid corruption. This is because they feel guilty to harm their country.

    Nationalism certainly increases the resolve of a nation to defend itself. There probably is a huge support for strengthening the military among nationalistic people. A strong military is the best way of defending against foreign enemies. Countries with low nationalism, probably don’t invest heavily in the military. This is because people with low nationalism don’t favour strong militaries. Hence, these countries which don’t take nationalism seriously are vulnerable.

    Nationalism encourages environmental protection as well. People with higg national pride would feel ashamed to pollute their nation. Therefore, such people would intentionally work for environment protection even without rules. In contrast, an individual with low nationalism would throw garbage carelessly.

  • Global Trade Supply Chain

    In this article, we will discuss Global Trade Supply Chain (Issues). So, let’s get started.

    Issues With Global Trade Supply Chain

    • Disruption of Global Value Chain: Covid-19 crisis is having devastating repercussions for corporations and businesses that have benefited from economic interdependence supported by cross-border supply chains.
    • China is the world’s largest production base, and lies at the heart of many supply chains. Since the outbreak of this coronavirus, many companies that had come to depend on China were hard hit.
    • Halting of WTO talks: This may indicate worse days ahead for the WTO, as trade rules have worked best when the global economy is booming and isn’t facing a crisis.
    • Problem Faced by Emerging and Developing Economies: The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development held that emerging and developing economies, which rely on export-led growth, will now be severely impacted as the global economy contracts and the world opts protectionism policies.
    • The least developed countries whose economies are driven by the sale of raw materials will also face hard consequences.

  • Agriculture Insurance (Importance)

    In this article, we will discuss Agriculture Insurance (Importance). So, let’s get started.

    Importance of Agriculture insurance

    Farmers who take insurance policies protect their crop livestock farming and harvesting practice for setbacks the first major benefit of taking this form of insurance is that it aids in fighting poverty. A natural disaster is unpredictable when they happen farmers who have invested heavily in agriculture get their investment destroyed. This, in turn, makes them poor. If the farmer had bought the insurance the companies compensate them. With the money paid out, farmer are in place to reinvest in farming and other agricultural activities making them rich again.

    Agriculture is a risky business however it is among the most profitable. Farmer who by the insurance premiums for their agriculture business have a big advantage because they are in place to recoup all their losses as such losses would be in crops animal and farms input. By paying the insurance premium that is affordable, farmers recover their losses.

  • Potential of AI in India

    In this article, we will discuss Potential of AI in India. So, let’s get started.

    Potential of AI in India

    • National Strategy For AI: A recent PwC report indicated that AI can provide a global economic value addition of up to USD 15.7 trillion by 2030.
    • Recognising this potential, the government released the National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (NSAI) in June 2018.
    • The strategy serves as a roadmap for the government to adopt artificial intelligence to increase efficiency in delivery of services, collaborate with the private sector to enhance public sector potential, and develop capacities to embrace and deploy innovation.
    • Deregulation of Geospatial Sector: Recently, the government has deregulated the geospatial sector allowing private players to bring state-of-the- art solutions to the sector, and spur innovation in AI-enabled hotspot mapping and analytics.
    • In India this can lead to transformation of various sectors such as infrastructure, health, and help in designing climate change resilient cities
    • Geospatial: In simple terms, geospatial information is geography and mapping. it is “place based” or “locational” information. It is data tied to and portrayed on a map.
    • Reducing Energy Losses: Energy is another key sector which can benefit from the wide scale adoption of AI.
    • By using AI in the energy sector, renewable energy generators and Discoms can cut losses and increase efficiencies by better predicting grid load management, and ultimately making the adoption of renewables cost-effective.
    • Currently, Delhi and Kolkata alone account for USD 36 million of annual loss in revenue from renewable energy losses; across the country, the number is significantly higher — in the billions of dollars.
    • Increased Governance: With the use of AI, the Power Ministry’s Renewable Energy Management Centres (REMCs) will be able to provide enhanced renewable energy forecasting, scheduling, and monitoring capabilities by processing large datasets of past weather, generation output history, and electricity requirement in a region.
    • AI solutions to Emerging Trends: Digital transformation through AI can help governments in being more responsive to emerging trends and act accordingly.
    • Within the government machinery, policymakers are moving forward with incorporating AI solutions for effective tax monitoring, data compliance etc.

  • Caste Census (Associated Challenges)

    In this article, we will discuss Caste Census (Associated Challenges). So, let’s get started.

    Associated Challenges With Caste Census

    • Repercussions of a Caste Census: Caste has an emotive element and thus there exist the political and social repercussions of a caste census.
    • There have been concerns that counting caste may help solidify or harden identities.
    • Due to these repercussions, nearly a decade after the SECC, a sizable amount of its data remains unreleased or released only in parts.
    • Caste Is Context-specific: Caste has never been a proxy for class or deprivation in India; it constitutes a distinct kind of embedded discrimination that often transcends class. For example:
    • People with Dalit last names are less likely to be called for job interviews even when their qualifications are better than that of an upper-caste candidate.
    • They are also less likely to be accepted as tenants by landlords. Thus difficult to measure.
    • Marriage to a well- educated, well-off Dalit man still sparks violent reprisals among the families of upper-caste women every day across the country

  • Need for Caste Census

    In this article, we will discuss Need for Caste Census. So, let’s get started.

    Need For Caste Census

    • Benefit in Policy Making: The purpose of a caste census is not merely geared to the reservation issue; a caste census would actually bring to the fore the large number of issues that any democratic country needs to attend to, particularly the number of people who are at the margins, or who are deprived, or the kind of occupations they pursue.
    • A caste census, which will generate exhaustive data will allow policymakers to develop better policies, implementation strategies, and will also enable a more rational debate on sensitive issues.
    • Also Reveal Privileged Section of Society: Caste is not only a source of disadvantage; it is also a very important source of privilege and advantage in our society.
    • We have to stop thinking of caste as being applicable to only disadvantaged people, poor people, people who are somehow lacking.
    • The opposite is even more true: caste has produced advantages for certain communities, and these also need to be recorded.
    • Caste Has Important Position in Indian Society: While census data has been captured for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, religions and linguistic profiles, there has been no profiling of all castes in India since 1931.
    • Since then, caste has assumed an increasingly important position in our lives, and our reliance on inadequate data has also increased.
    • To Address Prevalent Inequalities: Unequal distribution of wealth, resources and education has meant an acute shortage of purchasing power among the majority of Indians.
    • As a democratic nation, we cannot forcibly overthrow the system, but we need to address it in a democratic, scientific and objective manner.
    • Constitutional Mandate: Our Constitution too favours conducting a caste census. Article 340 mandates the appointment of a commission to investigate the conditions of socially and educationally backward classes and make recommendations as to the steps that should be taken by governments.
    • To Burst the Myths: There are a lot of myths which actually deprive a large number of people, particularly on the margins.
    • Let’s take the case of Karnataka. For a long time, there were claims that among the castes, the Lingayats are the most numerous.
    • But a lot of other studies have brought out that this may not be true, and these kinds of myths lead to the argument that given that this is a caste which is numerous, it has to be constantly placated. These myths can be debunked through a caste census.
    • Reduce Inclusion and Exclusion Errors: With accurate data of castes, most backward castes can be identified.
    • Some have benefited so much across the years, while there are people in this country who have not benefited at all.
    • The Supreme court has time and again asked governments to provide the data related to castes; however, this has not been possible due to the non-availability of such data.
    • As a result, our national life suffers from mutual mistrust and misconceptions among different castes.
    • All such commissions have had to rely on data from the last caste census (1931).

  • National Security

    In this article, we will discuss National Security (Introduction). So, let’s get started.

    Introduction

    The safety of nation against threats such as terrorism, war or espionage.

    A country’s national security is its ability to protect itself from the threat of violence or attack we must deal with threats to our national security regardless of the cost.

    National security or national defence is the security and defence of a nation, state, including its citizens, economy and institution which is regarded as a duty of government.

    National security is this safe keeping of the nation as a whole it’s highest order of business is the protection of the nation and it’s people from attack and other external dangerous by maintaining armed force guarding state secrets.

    The three pillars of sustainable national security:

    A multi-sum security principle based on justice at all levels multilateralism and multi-dimensional (including human environmental, national, transitional, and transcultural/transcivilization security).

    Symbiotic realism in international relations whereby mutual cooperation among states conflictual absolute gains and

    Transcivilizational synergy which results from mutual respect, multiculturalism, cosmopolitanism, and cross-fertilization and will lead to global justice, security and prosperity. This is essential reading for anyone interested in an innovative approach to the complex yet central subject of sustainable national security.