Planning (Definition-5)

George B. Galloway: “Planning is the opposite of improvising. In simple words, it is organised foresight plus corrective hindsight,… Conceived as a process, planning embraces a series of steps: (i) the determination of objectives to be sought; (ii) research to understand the problem; (iii) the discovery of alternative solutions; (iv) policymaking Choosing between alternatives, including the
frequent choice of doing nothing; (v) the detailed execution of the chosen alternative known in physical planning as layout or design.” As per this view, planning starts with setting up of objectives and leads to the execution of various policies. A good planner chooses the best method
of doing a thing for achieving the desired results.